RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation of frost heave in laboratory experiments

Retraction Notice: This article has been retracted at the request of the author and by decision of the Editorial Board. The reason for the retraction is that, it was determined that the manuscript had been submitted without obtaining the final consent of all co-authors for publication. The Editorial Board is committed to upholding the principles of publication ethics and has decided to retract this article in order to protect the rights of all authors and maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of three variants of a ventilated curtain wall façade subsystem differing in structural configuration and in the type of supporting brackets used. Modeling and stress–strain state analysis were carried out using the StatUs software package under identical boundary conditions and operational parameters. The calculations considered the main acting loads, including the self-weight of subsystem elements, wind loads, and ice loads characteristic of the construction region under consideration. The study included an analysis of stress distribution within subsystem elements, determination of reactions at fastening nodes connected to the building’s load-bearing structure, and evaluation of deflections and overall system stiffness. Additionally, a comparison of structural performance was performed in terms of load distribution uniformity, element stability, and the efficiency of bracket performance in transferring loads to the base structure. Based on the results of the structural analysis, the most rational supporting bracket option was identified, providing the required safety margin, reduced stress concentrations, optimal load distribution, and compliance with regulatory deformation requirements. The obtained results can be applied in the design of ventilated façade subsystems to improve their reliability, durability, and economic efficiency.