RESEARCH ON METHODS OF ORGANIZING DRAINAGE FROM HIGHWAYS

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of existing methods for organizing surface drainage from highways, with a focus on their hydraulic efficiency and environmental impact. The research is based on the evaluation of traditional drainage systems widely used in Kazakhstan, including earthen ditches, and their comparison with modern integrated international solutions. The results show that conventional drainage approaches do not ensure stable hydraulic performance under real operating conditions due to the influence of time-dependent factors such as sedimentation, vegetation growth, and contamination of runoff. These factors lead to a significant reduction in drainage capacity, resulting in water accumulation, subgrade over-moistening, and accelerated deterioration of pavement structures. In addition, insufficient drainage contributes to increased risks of hydroplaning and environmental pollution caused by uncontrolled infiltration of contaminated runoff into soil and groundwater. A comparative analysis demonstrates that modern drainage systems provide higher efficiency by integrating water collection, regulation, and treatment processes, while also ensuring environmental protection. The study identifies key limitations of traditional design approaches and highlights the necessity of transitioning to advanced drainage solutions that consider dynamic hydraulic parameters and sustainability requirements. The findings of this research can be used to improve highway drainage design practices and to enhance the durability, safety, and environmental performance of road infrastructure.